Pagae, in the site of modern Kato Alepochori, was the harbor of ancient Megara at the Corinthian Gulf. The historian Thucydides refers to the strategic role of the town during the Peloponnesian War.

Excavation in the area of Eleonas Station, where the ancient demos of Lakiades was located, brought to light an impressive discovery: three foundation piers and parts of one of the arches of the ancient stone bridge over the Kifissos (Cephissus) river

The ancient municipality of Oinoi is mentioned by Herodotus as one of the "most distant municipalities of Attica". According to Thucydides, at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, in 431 BC, when the Spartans invaded Attica, Oinoi was the first settlement to be besieged, but not occupied. Most likely the inhabitants of Oinoi had taken refuge inside the ancient fortress, whose construction dates back to classical times.

The Iera Odos was the main road in antiquity. It started from the Holy Gate of the wall of Athens, in the area of Kerameikos, and ended in Elefsina, in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone. The worship procession to Eleusis passed through the Iera Odos. Before entering the sanctuary, the procession of the faithful rested and regrouped in Pompeion. Along the ancient road there were gardens, fruit trees, rural sanctuaries, shrines, cemeteries, funerary monuments. The Iera Odos was also an important trade route that connected Athens with the Peloponnese and central Greece.

Here is the main route linking the city of Athens with the deme of Acharnai, uncovered between 2000-2002 during the construction of the Attiki Odos motorway and the Suburban Railway. The initial construction phase of the ancient road dates to the classical period (5^th century BC), and it appears to have remained in use right up to modern times.

The existence of a theater in Acharnes was known from two inscriptions that had been found earlier in the area and today are kept in the Epigraphic Museum and the Archaeological Collection of Acharnes. The Ancient Theater of Acharnai was revealed accidentally in 2007 during the excavation for the construction of a building on a private plot at 21 Salaminos Street, in the center of the modern Municipality. The construction of the theater dates to the 4th century BC, while the site was in use until Roman times.

Next to the Old National Road Athens - Thebes, at the height of the modern settlement of Oinoi (Mazi), the northwestern corner of an ancient quadrilateral tower is preserved. It is maintained at a height of 14m. and it is estimated that it had a total of four floors. Dates back to the 4th c. BC. The Tower, which had a supervisory and defensive character, should be associated with the ancient road Athens - Eleusis - Thebes, as well as with other monuments of the respective period that exist in the area, such as the Ancient Fortress of Oinoi, Eleftherai and Panaktos, as well as with the ancient circular tower on the hill Velatouri.

During the construction works of the Attiki Odos, four burial enclosures of classical times, a villa, and a late Roman cistern were excavated to the north of the Tenedou Street (former Halkidiki Street).

The Monastery of Daphni lies to the west of Athens, almost half-way along the ancient Sacred Way to Eleusis. According to Pausanias, in this area was the ancient sanctuary of Apollo Daphnaios which was destroyed during the invasion of the Goths in 395 A.D. The first monastery was erected on the sanctuary site in the 6th c AD and was enclosed by strong defensive walls, almost square in plan. The Catholicon was a three-aisled basilica which stood in the center of the courtyard. Along the inner NE side of the walls, two-storied buildings were constructed, containing the cells of the monks. A refectory and a second block of cells were attached to the north wall of the enclosure.

“...remoteness has preserved for us a Greek fortified town

in better condition and greater completeness than any other...

a place, for those who have seen it, to marvel at and return to”  

                                                                                E.F. Benson, 1895

The sanctuary of Eleusis was one of the most important worship centers of the ancient world. Within its area developed, from the Mycenaean Age to the end of the 4th c. AD,  the cult of goddess Demeter and her daughter, Persephone, which is associated with the cultivation of land, vegetation, fertility, and the Eleusinian Mysteries, for which she claimed absolute secrecy.

During the works for the construction of a playground in the plot owned by the Municipality of Kamatero, a Roman cemetery, consisting of three graves and an ossuary, as well as a clay water-supply pipe, were excavated.

Habitation continued into Early Christian times, as evidenced by the 5th century BC five-aisled basilica in the lower town of the fortress of Aigosthena. In the 11th century the chapel of Virgin Maria or Agia Anna was built over the ruins of the basilica of ancient building material.

The Church of Agios Athanasios belongs to the architectural type of the simple four-column cruciform inscribed domed church. The dating of the fresco of Agia Kyriaki in the first half of the 13th c. provides an ante quem dating of the monument.

During the Byzantine and post-Byzantine period, the area of the acropolis of the Fortress of Aigosthena hosted the Monastery of Agios Georgios, from which the ruins of monks are preserved, as well as the katholikon, dedicated to Agios Georgios.

The Church of Agios Georgios is located at the site "Orkos" or "Abatzades" in Eleonas, very close to the tunnels of the ancient aqueduct that fed the "Fountain of Theagenes", in the city of Megara. The church dates back to the 12th century and today survives in a semi-ruined condition.

The Church of the Metamorphosi Sotira, in Eleonas of Megara, known to the local community as "Christos", is the most important and best-preserved Byzantine church in the wider area of the city of Megara.

Agia Marina Metro station is located between the ancient municipalities of Ermos (Chaidari) and Lakiades (Eleonas). A hydraulic system of late antiquity came to light at the site, which was reconstructed at the site on display today.

The Eleonas of Megara is spread out overgrown with centuries-old olive trees, among which are still preserved the Byzantine churches of Eleonas that the travelers of the 17th century saw on their journey.

«Returning to Megara, we took our horses and went three or four miles north,
to a ruined town called Paleochori, where we saw six or seven churches,
built, as I found out, from the ruins of some older buildings.
In there we found ancient inscriptions»

George Wheler and Jacob Spon, travelers, 1676

1) Dema Wall. It is located 3km west of the center of Ano Liosia, in the saddle between Parnitha and Mount Egaleo, which was the widest passage from the west to the Athenian plain. The name Dema is newer and means link (bundle) of Egaleo with Parnitha.
2) A Circular tower-observatory is located at the top of the hill Pyrgarthi, 180m. east of the Dema wall.
3) "Back Wall". It is located about 225m. east of the Dema Wall and parallel to it.

The archaeological site of Eleutherai encompasses part of the lowland and rocky hill, where the ancient fortress, known as Gyftokastro, stands. Eleutherai was allegedly the birthplace of Dionysus, who founded the homonymous city and was thus called Dionysus Eleuthereus. Originally a Boeotian city, Eleutherai went over to Athens in the sixth century BC. Strategically located on the borderline of the Athenian territory, with control over the narrow passage between Athens and Thebes and overlooking the plain of Oinoe, Eleutherai was part of the Athenian defence network in the fourth century BC.

Fortification work of the 4th century B.C. which controls the mountain pass between Attica and Viotia. It is located about 1000m. southwest of the place where the ancient municipality of Fyle is located.

On the hill Korakofoleza of Parnitha, in the administrative boundaries of the Municipality of Acharnes, a fortification wall built of raw small stones is located.

Τhe Theagenes’ Fountain was built at the beginning of the 5^th c. BC. It is about 21m long and 13,69m wide. The flat roof of the cistern is supported on 35 octagonal pillars.

The Monastery of Osios Meletios, one of the most important monastic complexes in the country, is located SE of Mount Pastra of Kithairon and is about 2.5 km east of the settlement of Oinoi. The history of the monastery is strongly connected with the action of Osios Meletios the Younger, who was the reformer of the ascetic life in Greece.

As part of the expansion of Line 3 of the Metropolitan Railway of Athens in the area of Egaleo, an excavation was carried out, which revealed part of the ancient Iera Odos (Sacred Way) and the remains of a cemetery on both sides.

About one kilometer east of the entrance to the Sanctuary of Demeter in Eleusis, at the point where the ancient Iera Odos (Sacred Way) met the riverbed of the Eleusinian Kifissos (Cephissus), an ancient bridge is preserved in an impressively fine state dated to the Hadrianic age.

On the north slope of the peninsula, near the small Christian temple of the Holy Trinity, walls of the late archaic period are preserved, probably associated with a watchtower. During the Roman period, two Farmhouses were built in the same area. The largest of the two was set greatest on and around the archaic structure, thus he more modest farmhouse stands at the NW of the archaic structure

In the middle of the way to Eleusis, the Iera Odos met the Sanctuary of Aphrodite (today in the area of Chaidari, shortly after the Monastery of Daphni). The sanctuary is well known from a reference by the Greek traveler Pausanias who identified it during his course to Eleusina. The Sanctuary was in use from the classical to the Roman period.

In 1996, at the site Bouri, in the west of Alepochori, the remains of a sanctuary of the Archaic period (7th - 6th century BC.) were revealed and more than 12,000 offerings. The kind of the offerings indicates the worship of a female deity, possibly of a chthonic character and with a healing ability.

The Mycenaean tholos tomb at Acharnai (or the so called tholos tomb of Menidi) was excavated by the German Archaelogical Institute in 1879, under the supervision of the Greek Government’ s Ephorate of Antiquities. It’s the best preserved tholos tomb in Attica. The tholos tomb at Acharnai is the latest in Attica, dating to the 14^th-13^th cent. B.C. It was built to receive the members of the elite families of the region.

West of the city of Megara and next to the National Road, on a hill at the beginning of the ancient Skironian Odos, the foundations of a large circular building are preserved, which is probably related to a tower - observatory that controlled the passage of Skironidos road and ensured the safety of passers-by in times of war. This monument has also been identified as the tomb of Kar, after the legendary king of Megara.

The funerary monument, known as the “Tomb of Sophocles” in Varymbombi, was excavated in 1888 by L. Münter, director of the royal estate of Tatoi and constitutes without doubt a very well-preserved example of a family tomb of the Classical Age. Although the identification of the burial mound in Varymbombi with the tomb of Sophocles seems probable, it has not yet been confirmed by the archaeological evidence.

In the area of Loimikos, in the northern part of the mountain range of Parnitha, there is a fryktoria-observatory of the first half of the 4th c. BC, known as Loimikos Tower. The purpose of its establishment must have been the surveillance of the road that came from the plain of Tanagra and led from the eastern passages to Athens.

Remains of a circular tower - fryktoria, with a diameter of 5.50m. and a height of 1.50 m., and its precinct at the top of Zacharitsa (altitude 452 m.) of Mount Egaleo in Petroupoli. It was built in order to receive messages from the west and send them to Athens and vice versa, as well as to monitor the wider area.

The Vathichoria villages, Mikro Vathichori and Megalo Vathichori, are located on Mount Patera in an inaccessible area where traces of household, rural settlements, and towers can be found. The circular tower located north of Megalo Vathichori is one of the best preserved monuments of antiquity and is part of a series of at least six towers. The towers of the Vathychoria, belonging to the 4^th century B.C. defense system of the Megarian region, guarded that mountain road in order to ensure safe passage for the armies from the Peloponnese to Boeotia.

     Η κατασκευή του Αδριάνειου Υδραγωγείου της Αθήνας ξεκίνησε από τον αυτοκράτορα Αδριανό (117-138 μ.Χ.) και ολοκληρώθηκε από τον διάδοχό του Αντωνίνο Ευσεβή (138-161 μ.Χ.). Η κεντρική του αρτηρία αποτελείται από υπόγεια σήραγγα λαξευμένη στο φυσικό έδαφος, ύψους π. 1,20μ - 1,60μ και πλάτους 0,50μ. Το έργο κατασκευάστηκε με τη διάνοιξη 465 φρεατίων κατά μήκος της χάραξης με μέγιστη διάμετρο 1,40 μ. και βάθος από 10μ. μέχρι 42 μ., που απείχαν μεταξύ τους 33-37 μ.